Pricing decisions as a management strategy

Pricing decisions as a management strategy Supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, price functions to equalise the quantity demanded to the quantity supplied. This results in an economic equilibrium. The Pricing decisions, deciding what to charge the customers may be based on the Marketing or Cost and management accounting. Pricing is one of the most difficult decisions faced by organisations. It is possible for management to foresee a profit squeeze (Horngren, Datar Foster, 2003). Pricing decisions are based on what to charge for the products and services organisations offer. These decisions have major impacts on the revenue an entity earns. This study is focused on pricing decisions as a management strategy. It will then discuss about costing (subset of management accounting) and its influence in pricing. Major changes have occurred in the business world in recent years, including deregulation, privatisation, the growing expectations of share holders and the impact of new technology (Atrill McLaney, 2009). These changes have led towards a fast changing and competitive environment, and this has radically changed the way that entities need to be managed. Managers must approach pricing decisions with care because of the significant impact they can have on the profitability of business (Drury, 2008). Management must approach pricing decisions with care because of the significant impact they can have on the profitability of an entity. Managers consider three main influences on pricing decisions: customers, competitors and costs. Managers tend to see the pricing issues through the customers eyes. Any increase in price may cause customers to reject an entitys product and switch to its competitors. In the current business environment, understanding customers prices and product preferences are a competitive advantage to any entity. Management can price dynamically to respond to demand, to create demand, to reduce waste and to turn over stock immediately. The reactions of competitors influence pricing too. Many companies globally, have established departments to search out information on its competitors financial performance, patents, technology and operating policies (Bhimani, 2008). Most companies price products to exceed the production costs (Alan, 2002). The surveys and case studie s reveal that executives weigh customers, competitors and costs differently. Price taking and price making Most entities need to make decisions about setting or accepting selling prices for their products or services. An entity will have to accept the market price under few circumstances. If there are entities in an industry and there is little to distinguish their product or service from each other then the management needs to consider price taking. Entities in commodity markets can be quoted as examples. Any small entity operating in an industry where there are dominant entities that influence prices then small entities will have to accept those prices. In contrast, if the entity is selling highly customized or differentiated products then they can influence the prices and be a price setter. Time horizons Short run and Long run Pricing decisions have both short run and long run implications. Pricing decisions in short run Short run pricing decisions include pricing for a onetime special offer. This can be an opportunity where an entity will have to bid against its competitors. In such a situation incremental costs of undertaking the order should be taken into account. Product mix could be adjusted where the incremental sales revenue exceeds incremental short run costs and will provide a contribution towards fixed costs. Pricing decisions in long run Long run decisions could include pricing a product in a major market where price setting has considerable leeway. Long run time horizon is mostly of a year or longer. Organisations are supposed to consider the long run implications since they commit their resources for a lengthy period of time. Long run decisions have a profound effect on the firms future position (Drury, 2008). Pricing decisions are more prominent since that is how organisations earn their revenues. Target costing and Life cycle costing are two of the strategies used by organisations in pricing. Target costing is the estimated price for a product or service that potential customers will pay. In other words, firms determine the allowable cost for the product or service, given a competitive market price, so the firm can earn a desired profit (Target cost = Competitive price Desired profit). Firms have two options to cut down costs to the level of target cost. It could be either by redesigning the product or service and or by integrating new manufacturing technology. While once managers focused only on manufacturing costs, they now look at cost upstream (before manufacturing: Research and development and design) and downstream (after manufacturing: marketing, distribution and customer service) in the product life cycle to get a complete analysis of product cost and profitability. Another long term pricing strategy is Life cycle costing. Typically, product or service costs are calculated and reported for shorter periods, such as a month or a year. Unlike the typical strategies Life cycle costing provides a long term perspective.

Reaction Paper on Prejudice and Discrimination Essay

The world that we live in today, although improving, is tainted with cruelty and hatred toward different races. Usually, we have stereotypes about people who are members of groups with which we have not had firsthand contact. We regularly make these stereotypical generalizations based on experiences we have had ourselves, seen in movies or television, read about in books and magazines, or have had related to us by family and friends. Though all these are equally significant roots for the stimulation of stereotypes, media however, is a giant force. When thinking of the topics or behaviors of prejudice and stereotyping, I synonymously think of the movie â€Å"Crash,† which exposes different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving a quick example of how these conducts can affect a society. These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt more than once. In the first scene of the movie, a Muslim man inside a firearm store is attempting to buy a gun. The owner is a white Caucasian male that presents a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. This feeling triggers in the owner, negative attitudes based on the assimilation and stereotypes with the Muslim race. Being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group, which was responsible for suicidal bombers that have killed thousand of Americans. This negative attitude and violence observed in this particular scene, is an example of prejudice, known as a negative feeling and predisposition of behavior towards a group or any member belonging to that group. This is an issue not only found in America but in the whole world. In our global economy requiring functional and respectful relationships between nations, prejudice and stereotypes can be a destructive force both in the world and in individual societies, especially in diverse ones. Acting on ones hatred can lead to behavior to what we now in days call â€Å"hate crime†, such as in the scene where they break into the Muslim’s man business and vandalize the place completely. Such acts can lead us to many disgraces even death. This movie shows us the different point of view of people in our society, it gives us an insight of the stereotypes we have build within our society, within the world. It invites us to see and understand how such a small stereotype and negative attitude can go a long way and affect people in different ways. Prejudice is found between gender, religion, cultural, geographical background, and race. People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes. Besides, prejudice is largely a function of ignorance. Today, there are so many different people in this world that stereotypes are almost always incorrect, as many people choose not to be followers, but to be individuals. Asians, African-Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians, and all other ethnic groups need to look past each other’s physical characteristics and start looking inside a person to see who they truly are. After all, personalities do not lie on the outside of one’s body, but in one’s mind. I believe that society needs to raise today’s children to accept all people, no matter what they do or do not believe in or what color skin they may have. In order to reduce prejudice and discrimination, it is considered that education for children is very important. For example, exchange student program that includes not only the one between different countries but also the one between different communities within the same area. If children are raised around people who are not the same as they are in school or community, then they will most likely not think anything different of people who do not look the same as them or believe what they believe. If humanity raises their children to believe all people are equal from the beginning, then prejudice will slowly disintegrate over time. The world needs to focus on not judging people before they know them for who they are. It is very important to let children have opportunity to know the differences and to be interested in differences because ignorance is the biggest source of prejudice.

Social Networking Services Success Essay examples

Various social networking services have achieved enormous success at the first decade of the 21st century. Up to 2010, more than 500 million users globally have been regularly using Facebook (Kirkpatrick, 2010, 2). For this purpose in this essay, social networking site is defined as an online platform where socially related users can communicate and share information with each other, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Renren. It has long been a question that whether these services brought more benefits than negative effect to the community. Therefore to thoroughly examine the social impacts brought by social networking services, both beneficent and maleficent effects should be discussed. So that there are two points from each side,†¦show more content†¦Moreover, one of the numerous possible reasons that social networking sites can help users create stronger and more extensive bonds with each other, in comparison with traditional e-mail and text services, is that design s upports an astonishingly long diffusion chain where information can pass through (Sun, Rosenn, Marlow Lento, 2009, 146). Sharing of various information, including videos, music and news, seems to be more effective in establishing and maintenance social relationships. It should be noticed that social networking services only work as an interface between its enormous end users. Therefore it could be in the case that user of such services may have a stronger willingness to social with peers before the Facebook accounts were registered. Lack of well controlled definitive study is a major obstacle in analysing patterns in this field even though benefit is more likely to exist than not. Furthermore, online social networking services are potent tools in marketing with both customer and sellers being benefited. As mentioned previously, the rather prevalent information diffusion makes social networks excellent media for transmitting commercial information. Besides, interaction between end-users may further strengthen the efficiency of a campaign. This hypothesis is proved by empirical evidence. For instant, Chuhayhas stated that feedback effects between acquaintances could strengthen the attractiveness of the product being marketed (2010, 55). AnotherShow MoreRelatedSalesforce.com: The Emerging Social Enterprise Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did Comcast join public social networks? What difference did it make for Comcast’s business? What might be the benefits for consumer? Comcast: Comcast Corporation is the largest mass media and communications company in the world by revenue. It is the largest cable company and home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nations third largest home telephone service provider. Comcast provides cable television, broadband Internet, telephone service and in some areas home securityRead MoreExecutive Summary Social Networking1483 Words   |  6 Pages4, 2008 Subject: The Benefits of Social Networking Introduction We are at a time when customer satisfaction is at an all time low, yet it is becoming a more and more difficult to talk to a human for customer service. Many businesses have lost the personal and trust-filled relationship that is so desired by their clients. In order to maintain and grow a loyal customer base, a company can now achieve those real human connections by means of social networking. Individuals from all areas of theRead MoreUtilizing Online Social Networking Sites Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking Business and Human Services organizations all over the world try to look for different ways to improve and be successful. One of the ways organizations have been able to maintain success is by networking and linking themselves with similar organizations. A website that provides organizations with this type of networking is LinkedIn. In week two I was given the task to research and understand why such sites as LinkedIn help human service organizations stay connected with theirRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Provide More Benefits than Problems Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesVarious social networking services have achieved enormous success at the first decade of the 21st century. Up to 2010, more than 500 million users globally have been regularly using Facebook (Kirkpatrick, 2010, 2). A social networking site is defined as an online platform where socially related users can communicate and share information with each other, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and Renren. Howevertheir success did not come without a price. It has long been a question that whether theseRead MoreIn social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and900 Words   |  4 Pages In social networking sites, other than communicating with existing friends, people can find and make friends with other people with similar interests or from the same school or company etc. Mobile social networking servicesto connect to their social communities with a mobile device, through one or more available mobile channels. Members share experiences, interests, opinions, presence information and personal content through their mobile devices. Mobile adds new capabilities to social networkingRead MoreSocial Networking in the Business World Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesof your competitors, and be on the lookout for new ways to get noticed. Social networking has emerged as one of the latest trends in business today, and utilizing the social media for sales, marketing, and recruiting can drive your business and help it flourish. Online social networks are becoming critical business tools, and with this technology at your fingertips, you must take advantage of the opportunity, and let the social media take some of the guesswork out of your business strategies. CommunicationRead MoreCollege Is Not Just About Receiving Good Grades842 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents to get involved is so they can apply what they learn in the classroom into practice, gain social skills, develop leadership skills and learn time management skills. Moreover, what make it more respected is the skills gained from extracurricular activities and student support programs such as networking, mentorships and experiential learning that help prepare students for the work force. Networking Community college students can benefit from being involved in extracurricular activities andRead MoreEssay Social Networking Within The Company1001 Words   |  5 PagesSocial networks such as Facebook and MySpace are known to connect people with long lost friends and family. It has also been known to connect people with similar interest together. The knowledge of social networking makes it easier for companies as a whole to benefit from the advantages of social networking. Businesses are starting to use business social networks such as LinkedIn and Ryze to acquire potential clients and other businesses with the same interest. Business social networks can be veryRead MoreCommunity: Being LinkedIn to the World of E-Commerce Essay examples1338 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological age, social networking sites are now the most convenient and easy way to connect all of these players in order to be accepted. LinkedIn is a perfect example of a social networking site that allows all of these players to interact to gain whichever acceptance they may need or be seeking. By using key e-commerce concepts, LinkedIn is able to be a strong, successful online community for businesses, consumers, employees, students, and job seekers. When creating an online networking site, it isRead MoreThe And Chatter As A Collaborative Tool Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesSalesforce.com is a cloud computing company that specializes in their customer relations management (CRM) products. Customer relations management consists of the processes a company uses to track and organize its contacts with customers and it improves services offered to customers and uses customer contact information for targeted marketing(Bidgoli). Salesforce.com was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff and former Left Coast Software software developers Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff

Progressivism Progressivism For A Progressive Society

Progressivism in Education: Progressivism for a Progressive Society There are five different philosophies of education that educators can choose from. The philosophies of education are essentialism, perennialism, progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism. A teachers’ philosophy of education defines how they run their classroom, maintain classroom management, and expect their students to learn. For me, I have chosen the philosophy of progressivism. Progressivism is a student centered philosophy. According to Moore (2000), progressivism is a child-centered approach that sees education as a ‘drawing-out’ rather than a putting in of knowledge. Progressives generally run a truly child centered classroom, as compared to an essentialist, who believe in the teacher being the center of the classroom. By teachers adopting the philosophy of progressivism in the classroom; they encourage their students to become intelligent individual problem solvers, hand s on learners and collaborators, and prepare them to be responsible and knowledgeable citizens. Why Progressivism Progressivism, as a philosophy in education, inspires student’s individual creativity, rejects stereotyping, and looks at each student as a unique individual (Moore, 2000). This is a good approach to take in a classroom filled with eager learners. What every child desires in a classroom, first and foremost, is respect. If my students are treated as an individuals, and are recognized for theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Progressive Movement1538 Words   |  7 PagesA Progressive Movement Much of a historian’s job is to read what their colleagues have written on their subject of interest at the moment. Often, they then go on to write their own opinions on the subject, thereby influencing the historians of the future. The famed historian and teacher Richard Hofstadter wrote The Age of Reform in 1955 about the late 19th century and early 20th century movement of Progressivism. In turn, other historians that include Paula Baker, Richard McCormick, andRead MoreProgressivism And Progressivism925 Words   |  4 Pages I will give a summary of what progressivism is and what effect it had within the United States. Progressivism is defined as a movement that is to limit the social destructiveness effects of capitalism. Progressives look at capitalism as unhindered. That they need to extract from the markets in a capitalist system and to counterbalance the tasks that capitalism leaves such as terrible social effects. They wanted the public well being to be better of f. Progressives overall did not want to other throwRead MoreProgressivism : A Wide And Varied Movement Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesProgressivism was a wide and varied movement that changed American values and lifestyles having everlasting impact on American history. Progressivism, ranging from 1880 to 1920, was a well-planned and well-organized movement in the United States having wide as well as diversified goals. Leaders of progressivism movement focused on humanity element and tried to make advancements by promoting liberation to stimulate human force along with exploiting human potential to remove restraints imposed by contemporaryRead MoreProgressivism Philosophy Of Education : Progressivism1566 Words   |  7 PagesProgressivism Philosophy of Education The philosophy of progressivism in the classroom is one that is student centered. Being developed in the nineteenth century, the progressivism philosophy is considered one of the more modern philosophies of teaching. Founded by George Sanders Pierce, William James and John Dewey, this philosophy believes in hands on, action oriented learning to achieve results (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). This philosophy believes that education transpires through questionsRead MoreMiddle Class Dillusionment Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesProgressivism: Middle Class Disillusionment In 1958, a man named George Mowry explains s economic, social, and political divisions of the progressivism movement. The progressivism movement ties in a lot with our society today and shows how history does indeed repeat itself. Mowry describes the good, and bad of progressivism, but emphasizes the bad. Mowry is really trying to exhibit the differences between capitalism and socialism in his essay and explain why progressivism is not good for theRead MoreThe Progressive And Traditional Forms Of Society1086 Words   |  5 PagesBoth the Progressive and Traditional forms of society have been pivotal and influential in the development and transition of various societies. Specifically, both ideologies were highly substantial in the overall growth and development in a budding society. However, although both ideologies were critical to the overall growth and development of a society, the ideologies were substantially opposing in numerous ways. From the rate of speed for both social a nd technological evolution, how power wasRead MoreThe Progressive Era in America1086 Words   |  4 PagesIn American history, the period between the late 1800s and early 1900s is often called the Progressive Era. This was a time of enormous social, political, and economic change that touched every aspect of American life. The progressivism movement centered on elements of humanity and promoted liberation in order to stimulate human force as well as human potential to remove the restraints of liberalization. By the late nineteenth century, after decades of expansion due to the push westward and yearsRead MoreThe Progressive Movement in the US Essay648 Words   |  3 Pages In the first article, The Failure of Progressivism by Richard Abrams, he says the progressives mostly sought to introduce old moral beliefs on Americans by trying to integrate Immigrants by making them accept the ways of American life. But Abrams states those goals were ruined for important motives. One being the movement failed because of racism, which was widespread, throughout this time era. Abrams also considers the new scientific developments concerning culture and race affected the movementRead MoreEssay about The Pendleton Act 930 Words   |  4 Pages1883, the Pendleton Act establishing a federal civil service gave an end to government patronage. The federal workers were then hired on competitive exams rather than political influence. Government jobs would now be based on merit, calling for a Progressivism Era. The Populist and Socialists soon emerged then declined. Farmers rose to form the Populist Party, which advocated for shorter workdays and government loans to farmers as well as election reforms. Once their party leader lost in the electionRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Progressives1277 Words   |  6 PagesProgressivism, †¦unlike populism, whose grassroots appeal was largely confined to rural regions in the South and Mid-West, focused on the nation altogether, coming in all different forms. (Shi Tindall 778) The movement consisted of moral Christians who disliked politics. They believed that politics, †¦had become a contest between good and evil, honesty and corruption (Shi Tindall 778). Therefore, they believed the government should provide more, addressing the issues dealing with rapid urban

The Main Causes And Effects On The Arab Spring - 1086 Words

Discuss the key causes and effects 2011 Arabic spring In late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the Arab world emerged. It began with the Tunisian revolution when the martyr Mahmoud Bouazizi set fire to himself as a result of the deteriorating economic and social. This led to protests and demonstrations that ended with the fall of the ruling regime. In Tunisia which sparked the beginning of revolutions in many Arab countries, this is known as an Arab Spring. The question remains what are the real reasons that led to the Arab Spring and its effects? the causes of the Arabic spring May be varied, depending on the places, however the reasons can be a corruption in economic policies and demand social justice as the key motives and protests in the Arab world. This essay will discuss the most important reasons, and the effects of what is known as the Arab Spring. Civil, economic and social human rights violations were the main reasons behind the outbreak of popular revolutions in the Arab countries. According to Robbins and Jamal (2015) â€Å"The protests associated with the Arab Spring largely centered on issues related to social justice. Demonstrators called for economic, political and human rights, including governments that held to account those who violated these principles.† The people of the Arab Spring were disappointed and frustrated by the social suffering and economic lies. The poor governance, and the monopoly of a wealthy group ofShow MoreRelatedThe Arab Spring And The Middle East1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe Arab Spring refers to the revolts that arose independently and spread through the Arab country in 2011. The origin of these uprisings was in Tunisia late in the year 2010 and spread to other nations in the Arab world like Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The Middle East commonly considered to be the hot-spot for ten sions and instabilities. The Arab spring increased the level of tension in the states with several implications on the region’s security. The events of the Arab Spring lasted for threeRead MoreThe United States And The Eu943 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States and the EU had some similar goals in terms of their dealings with Arab countries and specifically those involved with the Arab Spring, one particular goal being the spread of democracy. With the United States not being direct neighbours with these Arab states, they also have some goals that differ to those of the European Union. Their involvement with the Middle East over the past century is rooted in two main sources, according to Kitchen (2012). One, is â€Å"a hegemonic interest in secureRead MoreThe Arab Spring1286 Words   |  5 PagesThe Arab Spring is a new term tossed in December 2010, and it covers all kinds of riots, demonstrations and civil wars recently going on in the Arab world. The Arab Spring has estab lished; the power social media can have when applied in social and political scenario. In just a short period of three years, there were changed regimes in four Arab countries (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen). There were protests and demonstrations in other Arab countries like Bahrain, Syria, Algeria, Iraq, Jordon, KuwaitRead MoreToo Soon to Tell: An Examination of the ‘Arab Spring’ and its Impact on Israel1437 Words   |  6 Pagesof Tunisia to the entire Arab world. Israel, as the only democracy in the area, has very delicate relationships with many of the countries involved. With the Muslim Brotherhood coming into power in Egypt, the possibility of the decades long treaty with Israel coming to a violent end is more threatening than ever. This leads us to consider the danger of other ideologically like-minded groups continuing to surround Israel. On the surface, it may seem as if the Arab Spring is very bad news for IsraelRead MoreUnderstanding the Arab Spring1050 Words   |  5 Pageswidespread event was known as â€Å"the Arab Spring† and empowered other people in Arab countries who were not satisfied with their sociopolitical standings to revolt against government regimes. This surprising event unfolded in the world arena, which drew attention on an international level. Consequently, it became widely debated by political science scholars, and was the main point of discussion in the Kenneth Pollack’s work. The Arab Spring was attributed to cause internal crises in many Middle EastRead MoreArab Spring and the French Revolution1272 Words   |  6 PagesFrench Revolution and the Arab Spring Essay Essay Prompt: To what extent does the French Revolution reflect the recent conflicts seen within the Arab Spring? Note: Consider the following themes: * Short-term and long-term causes * Popular Revolts * Voice of the People – leaders, writings, media and symbols * Shifts in Power * International Interventions * Religious Repercussions Research links/News Articles: Middle East Region - http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0Read MoreThe Arab Spring in Egypt1200 Words   |  5 Pages　　The Arab Spring is an extremely prominent issue today. This refers to the series of protests and civil wars that have been occurring in the Arab World due to discontent with government, human rights violations, poverty, and other factors. Countries where this is an issue include Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Sudan. One of the countries hit hardest by the revolution was Egypt. 　　What is often called â€Å"the spark that started it all,† occurredRead MoreWhy and How Arab Spring Became Successful? Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Arab Spring Became Successful ? The progress of Tunisian Revolution started with a police officer’s knocking Fadiye Hamdi and seizing his bench and then Muhammed Buazizi, who is an Tunisian young man, burning himself and die in the hospital. The groups that attended to the funeral of Buazizi protested the regime and Zeynel Abidin, who stayed inefficient to had to resign after the many deaths resulted from conflict. Zeynel Abidin’s leaving the country caused theRead MoreThe Arab Spring in Egypt1012 Words   |  5 Pages　　Another prominent cause of the Arab Spring in Egypt was the corruption in the government run by Mubarak. One of the best examples of Mubarak’s corruption was the use of emergency law. For his entire almost 30-year reign, Mubarak ruled through emergency law. Under emergency law, Mubarak could censor all publications, search and tap phone, mail, and Internet use, and arrest people without a trial, or through secret trials. (Tristam, 2013) All political meetings also had to be preapproved by him beforeRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Arab Countries1434 Words   |  6 Pagessocial causes and political campaigns, civic participation and interaction between individuals (Scott Jacka, 2011). However, there has been a criticism of the rise in social media, these critics suggest that it needs to be controlled and there should be heave censorship. Nevertheless, despite these conflicting views the social media has contributed to a revolution in the Arab countries by developing the economic growth. This essay aims to explore and examine the use of social media in Arab countries

Thailand Culture Free Essays

FULBRIGHTER’S INTRODUCTION TO THAILAND: ? ADVICE AND COMMENTARY Text: Scott McNabb, College of Education, The University of Iowa ? Commentary: Porntip Kanjananiyot, Executive Director,? Thailand-U. S. Educational Foundation (Fulbright) The following essay has been written to provide orientation thoughts for American scholars who are embarking on a Fulbright assignment in Thailand. We will write a custom essay sample on Thailand Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hope that it will provide insights that will help Fulbrighters to understand, appreciate, and engage fully with their academic colleagues and other Thais they will encounter. It is not meant only as a â€Å"survival† guide; our hopes are far greater than that. It is written to help individuals maximize the cross-cultural gift that they have been given—to live and work among the Thai people for a significant period of time. This essay is based on my 19 trips to Thailand which span the period 1968 to 2011, from Peace Corps teaching at Thammasat University through two Fulbrights and multiple other teaching, evaluation and research trips. I have taught International Education and qualitative research classes at The University of Iowa since 1979. In this essay, I will indulge in the kind of generalizations I never allow my students to make. In my classes, I encourage my students to think tentatively and carefully about cross-cultural issues, and make few if any broad conclusions. Here, in the interests of encouraging discussion and giving usable advice, I will risk making general comments about Thai culture. This essay, then, is written less as an academic piece than as a kind of user’s manual. I have asked my colleague and friend Porntip Kanjananiyot to provide commentary from her perspective of being deeply engaged in Thai-American educational exchange work for a number of years. Porntip is currently the Executive Director of the Fulbright program in Thailand. We hope that our discussion back and forth will provide additional insights. ?This article includes advice on language learning, behavior to help you en gage in Thai culture, and some responses to issues that you may well encounter with your Thai colleagues and other Thais whom you get to know. ?Opening Advice and Questions? In general, the more â€Å"out there† you can be—learning the language, trying all kinds of food, engaging with all kinds of people (monks, market people, academics, and so on), learning to joke Thai-style (including making jokes about yourself), taking unwarranted compliments without resisting them too much, and so on—the more you will learn about and appreciate various aspects of the â€Å"Thai view of the world. † The â€Å"authentic† Thailand is surprisingly close physically to the â€Å"tourist† Thailand—it’s just under a bridge or around a corner or down an alley where tourists typically don’ venture. . . r it’s on full display before most tourists typically wake up, like watching the monks make their early morning rounds. Within a relatively short walk from Khaosan Road, the backpacker mecca in Bangkok, there are amulet markets near Thammasat University that are rarely visited by foreigners, where one can ve nture deeply into the spiritual beliefs of the Thai people. Don’t be afraid to wander (within reason) wherever your curiosity takes you. If you are actively searching for something, cultivating the â€Å"treasure hunt mind,† you may well find what you are searching for, or something equally interesting. Or your quest may bring additional questions about the initial â€Å"treasure† you were seeking. For example, if you go to the amulet market in search of a small statue of the Hindu deity Hanuman, you will certainly find many other intriguing deities along the way—all of whom demonstrate incorporation of the Hindu religious figures, and Mahayana Buddhism, in Thai Buddhism. Why is Ganesh so popular in Thailand? Or Kwan Yin (Yao Mae Kuan Im)? With whom are the various deities popular? In many ways, Fulbrighters can benefit from the outlook and skills that qualitative researchers develop; that of the participant observer. You are taking part in the culture that you are trying to understand. PORNTIP COMMENTS: Go out to meet people and you will find that Thai people generally welcome foreigners. Smile with them and show your interest in what they are doing, they will be even friendlier! Learning Thai ?Learn certain basic Thai phrases. Now! Your colleagues may well speak ex cellent English, but once you are out in the markets, you will need to speak some Thai. Plus, it’s fun. Develop a specific working vocabulary in Thai. Figure out what phrases you will need on a daily basis and ask a Thai friend to drill you on the pronunciation and tones until they are second nature. This vocabulary should include greetings, directions, numbers, and foods, among other things. ?Yes, clear pronunciation and tones are important. But they can be overemphasized. Speak with conviction. If you speak tentatively, your phrases will tend to go up at the end, like the inflection we use in English, which will confuse your Thai listener. Speak with your limited vocabulary with an air of confidence and the receiver will have a far better chance of understanding you. They will think that you know more than you actually do, but that’s O. K. You can learn to accept their over-the-top compliments gracefully. Also, your Thai need not be perfect to be understood. We have much to learn from the Thais as â€Å"reviewers† of our mispronunciations and tonal goof-ups, patience we could use in similar interactions at home. The Thais go way past half-way to try to figure out what you are trying to communicate. The fact that you are trying to speak their language is also a clear indication of your cross-cultural sincerity. Thais will often be impressed with your progress because they spend years studying English in school without a great deal of success. Acting things out helps, too. This also works on the cultural level of â€Å"sanuk†Ã¢â‚¬â€you are having fun (and the joke is sort of on you) trying to communicate a specific idea. And when you succeed, it is a cause for joint celebration! Learn these phrases right now:? Kaw bia song kuat (Please bring me two beers) Kaw cowpot moo jon nung (Please bring me a plate of fried rice with pork)? Kaw cowneo maamuang song jon (Please bring me two plates of mango with sticky rice) Some basic food to order: guy young (friend chicken) cowpat moo (fried rice with pork) tom ka guy (coconut soup with chicken) pat thai guy (fried noodles with bean sprouts and chicken) kwitdeo sen yai nua sot (beef noodle soup) kow naa bed (duck with sauce over ric e) ky jiow (Thai-style omelet) kao moo dang (pork with red sauce over rice) dom young gung (spicy shrimp soup). PORNTIP COMMENTS: One way to learn the Thai language could be through food as Thai people love to offer food. When observing that their foreign guests enjoy it, the Thais could feel even more comfortable to talk with them†¦ and naturally, urge the foreigners to have more food! ?Thais also enjoy listening to foreigners speaking Thai†¦. even just a few words because they think the Thai language is very difficult so they feel really impressed. Don’t feel embarrassed if you make mistakes and your Thai friends start laughing. They know the challenges you have to face with the tones. Their laughs simply mean your pronunciation is ‘narak’ (cute). Thai people have patience to listen and try to understand Americans when speaking Thai. American Fulbrighters being in Thailand will be more aware how difficult it is for Thais when they are in the US as quite a number of Americans may not have similar patience. Engaging Thais ?If you want to get below the surface with your Thai friends, engage them on their own terms; choose topics where they can teach you about aspects of Thai culture. Pursue whatever aspects of Thai culture, religion, history (spirit houses? The Sukhothai period? Some aspects of Buddhism like meditation? ). The point is that you will be in their cultural ballpark. They will appreciate your genuine interest, and this will give you an entree into the Thais’ enormous cultural generosity. They will help you meet interesting people, plan field trips, and so on. Just give them the chance. On one of my Fulbright assignments, I was teaching in Nakorn Prathom. I mentioned to a teacher that I would like to visit Praviharn—the controversial Cambodian wat located on the Thai-Cambodian border—on my last weekend with them. My Thai friend had never been there before, either. Despite the initial negative reactions from some of the other faculty (It’s too far—the trip will take too long; it’s too hot. . . ), she organized what was a memorable venture to the famous temple. It was a wonderful culminating event for my time with my Thai colleagues—many of whom wound up going and enjoying the trip despite their initial protestations. PORNTIP COMMENTS: ?Thai people are really hospitable so they could go out of their way to please you. Ask to see their reaction first and wait to see their next move. If they are quiet, it could mean they can’t accommodate your request. Inconsistencies in Thai Culture ?When you are operating in someone else’s culture, inconsistencies seem to abound. This is partly due to the fact that in our own culture, we are too close to things to see what â€Å"don’t make sense,† and our initial observations are relatively superficial in Thailand (you know the most during your first two weeks here; then it starts getting much more complicated), and that, at least in my view, there ARE things that don’t seem consistent here. But of course, that is true in all cultures. Take Thai Massage ?Thai culture in general steers around confrontations; in their view the key in human relations is harmony. The focus is on working things out without anger and keeping a cool heart† (Jai Yen) in all social situations. Thais are raised to make others feel welcome, relaxed, and â€Å"sanuk† (happy). In the West, of course, our funda mental goal is to make OURSELVES satisfied. Simply put, we are more individually oriented, the Thais more communally oriented. So you might think that when it came to massage, the Thais would offer massage that is soothing, relaxing, comforting. Ha! Thai massage aggressively confronts the muscles that are stiff or bunched up with elbows and knuckles and knees—boring in on them until they give up their tightness and relax. Sometimes it hurts. O. K. , often it hurts. Where is all this Thai non-confrontation, avoidance of pain and making the other guy feel good? It goes out the window, as far as I can tell. This feels more like American no pain-no gain to me. Of course, it works. But along the way, the attacks on muscle bundles and the stretches are not all that sanuk (fun, in this context). Of course, the pain is meted out with typical Thai humor and grace. Jep Mai? † (they ask with a chortle). â€Å"Jep Maack† (It hurts a lot) I respond, to more chortles. Yes, no pain no gain. ?The Case of Luang Paw Koon? In general, Thai Buddhist monks live a highly disciplined life. They must live by a total of 224 precepts, which provide strict behavioral rules. Like religious groups in all cultures, a few stray in terms of relationships with women and other sins and are tossed out of their temples. But for the most part scandals are rare and monks are respected for their discipline, dignity and wisdom.? Luang Paw Koon is one of the most popular monks in the country. You often see his picture in the northeast part of Thailand, and frequently in the taxis in Bangkok, many of whose drivers are from the northeast. ?What the pictures show is a smiling monk deliberately flaunting Buddhist conventions, puffing on a cheroot or overtly handling money. He is seated in a squatting position like a northeastern farmer, not cross-legged like a monk. He speaks in the common language of farmers, not in â€Å"proper† Thai.? Why is he so popular? Some Thais respect his rebellion, while still demonstrating the key Buddhist tenets of poverty, integrity, honesty and generosity. Funds given to him are known to go directly to the projects they are given for, most often schools and hospitals. No middlemen. No corruption. I think that is the message of the picture with Luang Paw Koon handling money—â€Å"Your donations are safe with me. I will get your donations to their proper destinations. † Consistency with the principals of a monk’s life? Yes and no. Unconventional? Absolutely. Effective in terms of charity work? This certainly seems to be the case. And a great case for bending the social rules to serve a higher cause. Maybe we all love rebels. PORNTIP COMMENTS:? Treat the inconsistencies as surprises and enjoy the learning experiences! Short Takes– ? Watch Thai TV Watch the soap operas, the variety shows, the shows on the monarchy. Ask lots of questions. Before you criticize, think about The Bachelor and Fox News and Two and a Half Men and other stellar representations of our own culture. Thai soap operas present cultural melodramas where actors confront each other and act in ways one would never see in polite Thai society with its emphasis on decorum and harmony. Is it just entertainment? Cultural wish fulfillment? Ask your friends. ?In general, when things don’t seem to make sense, ask. Find good friends who are absolutely â€Å"culturally-insult proof,† who know that your questions may be clumsy and politically incorrect but that your intentions—to understand things a bit better—are pure. These are the people to ask potentially sensitive questions about the â€Å"Red Shirts† and the â€Å"Yellow Shirts†, and about the monarchy. PORNTIP COMMENTS: ?Soap operas could better your Thai while helping you understand that many times, they don’t reflect the ‘real’ Thai culture. It could be misleading if viewers take it literally to think that Thai women always go after guys, love screaming and yelling plus slapping others’ faces. The way they dress to work is far from being professional either†¦.. as if they went to an evening party even. It may be good to understand that the Thais value ‘riab roi’ and being very proper (far too formal at times). Perhaps Thai soap is something Thais quietly think the society could loosen up a bit. Be discreet when discussing or asking questions about Monarchy as there are lese majeste charges which could be complicated for you to understand fully. The conflicts that seem to separate ‘yellow shirts’ and ‘red shirts’ are not easy to understand either. The suggestion to find a ‘culturally-insult proof’ friend sounds great to get to know more about the monarchy and political conflicts. Small Bits of Advice? Take a zillion showers and guzzle water by the gallon. Keep your body temperature down and your internal system happy. When you feel culture shock coming on, retreat. Take some down time. Listen to your iPod. Watch a favorite movie (it is undoubtedly pirated here). No one should try to tackle a foreign culture 24/7. You will burn out. It’s hot here. And humid. Incredibly humid. And you are constantly on stage. I can’t do one more impromptu speech, explaining who I am and why I am here. It can be exhausting. O. K. , it will be exhausting. Every moment you spend working on your Thai is a move in the right direction culturally. Even the process of learning Thai with your Thai friends has all kinds of cultural learning possibilities.? Take notes of your observations—not for Facebook or to Tweet about so much as for your own record of cultural discovery. You’ll be able to see how far you have come by the end of your Thai adventure.? Remember that part of your job as a Fulbrighter is to play the role of cultural ambassador, representing your country with integrity here and portraying Thailand with fairness and accuracy to your friends back home. ?Learn to bargain. Again, it’s not so much about the result, which is pretty much predetermined, as it is about your participation in the process, and HOW you participate (with a smile and acting out things—â€Å"Oh, man, you’re killing me here! †). Be a good sport Accept the Thais’ overwhelming generosity. They are happy to have you here. We are conditioned to be suspicious of others’ generosity, and it’s a tough assumption to get over.? Sometimes conversations are just exercises in enjoyable social banter, without a â€Å"punch line. † You talk about the weather, family, where you are going. . . just for the sake of the pleasant conversation. In our culture, we are used to seeking the â€Å"point. † ? Develop a short introduction in Thai that explains who you are and why you are here in Thailand. Saying that you are an â€Å"achjan† (a teacher/professor) explains a lot. This will be very helpful, so that people know who you are, how long you will be here, and so on. It puts everyone at ease. ?Never divide up the bill at the restaurant. The most senior person will â€Å"liang. † It’s the Thai cultural law. Hierarchies define the nature of power in relationships in Thailand; royalty over commoners, men over women (women cannot be ordained as monks in Thailand), and age over youth. By the way, the best way to reciprocate in terms of food is to buy candy or fruit to share with your Thai colleagues on your trips together. This is perfectly acceptable, and appreciated. Never assume that your English is being understood by your students. Slow down. Ask them lots of questions. Be patient; Thai students are used to lecture-style classrooms. Tell stories. Keep them with you (on topic). Try to relate your topics to Thailand, Thai applications of things, even if it is a stretch. Joke around a bit. Show that you can â€Å"take† a joke—tell one on yourself. Lighten up and the Thais will appreciate it and your communication will be far better. Over-serious classrooms are over-rated. Always share what you are eating. (That can’t be over-emphasized. Wherever you are living, establish your own little village; people you see and fuss over every day, like the noodle folks, the flower lady, the 7-11 folks, and your favorite night market vendors. The substance of the conversation is not the issue, it’s the attention. Simply remarking on the sweetness of the oranges (waan maach! ) or commenting on the heat (always safe) is fine. With jus t a bit of friendly banter it becomes â€Å"your neighborhood,† a little like Norm walking into â€Å"Cheers. † I have found these simple, smiling conversations are a source of â€Å"friendly energy† I can enjoy every day. Banter begets banter which makes you feel more at home. Get in shape! Many Thai temples are located on the top of hills. And just maintaining your energy levels in this heat takes some oomph. You don’t have to be a Buddhist to appreciate and learn from various aspects of this religion. Remember, the Buddha said that you should only apply the aspects of Buddhism to your life until after you have experimented with them and they seem to make sense to you personally. There is no pressure to believe in an overarching philosophy; just a big, broad display of spiritual and practical ideas to experiment with and learn from. Sort of like the experience of living in Thailand itself. PORNTIP COMMENTS:? Even though the more senior Thais will buy you meals almost every time, you may wish to offer to do it in return once in a while. It might not work but that generous offer will be appreciated. Buying some kanoms or some little gifts to give to the more senior and friends would be a nice gesture to show your thoughtfulness. Thai students love learning by listening so storytelling is the good way to attract their attention and it’s fun while keeping them focused and remember what they’ve heard. It could be difficult to have some deep discussions with quite a number of Thais but don’t lose hope. Sometimes, it’s just because of the language. Other times it could be because Thai people aren’t used to expressing their ideas extensively unless they feel very close to the persons. Having discussions with Thais regularly will also help Thais think and interact faster too. Enjoy learning about Buddhism in a practical way†¦.. by understanding ‘the middle path’, it helps you ponder upon ways to balance your life. Learning how to meditate would simply lead you to have some peaceful moments. How to cite Thailand Culture, Essay examples

Strategic Leadership Leadership Skills

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Leadership for Leadership Skills. Answer: Introduction: In the assignment, the writer puts an emphasis on the subject of power and influence. The managerial authority requires powerful candidates. Such candidates always want to remain at the helm of the corporate affairs. The diagnostic tools (as discussed below) are the phenomenal one that underscores the potentialities and the business acumen of the corporate level. Based on the three diagnostic tools, I have analysed my cognitive faculties in a broader sense. In the segment, I have used three diagnostic tools such as the Quinn Management questionnaire, the ESCI (Emotional Intelligence) and Situational Leadership Questionnaires. With the help of these diagnostic tools, I have assessed my capacities related to the activities from the past months. The diagnostic tools reflect on my practice and help me identify the indices from the past. Here, I have compared and contrasted the diagnostic tools used in the workshop. The diagnostic tools offer me a brilliant insight into my capacities and cognitive faculties (Montalescot et al., 2013). The Quinn Management Questionnaire shows that certain positive elements are conspicuous in me. It claims that I have a moderate level of leadership qualities and representation skills. The survey report says that I have to work on certain elements that entail positivity in every way. It can make a confident personality and help me hone the managerial skills. The Quinn questionnaire management helps me comprehend the profundity of my managerial knowledge and capacity (Daft Marcic, 2016). I have selected another diagnostic tool i.e. the ESCI (Emotional Intelligence) that help me assess my attitude towards management. The ESCI (Emotional Intelligence) is another diagnostic tool that addresses m capabilities and other skills. From the name, I can understand that the tool will help me comprehend the emotional capacity and my intelligence. Therefore, it forms an amalgamation of emotional and cerebral capacities. It claims that I have a moderate to excellent level of leadership qualities. The added advantage is it shows that I have a good perception and presentation skills. The diagnostic tool states that I can handle the work huddle and listen to my employees with full concentration. At the same time, I can strike a wonderful balance between monitoring the employees and executing the final deal. I do not possess sufficient communication skill for communicating the tasks with the subordinates. With the help of the ESCI (Emotional Intelligence) diagnostic tool, I can exhibi t my specific talents and clarify my orientation towads any particular task. The tool helps me understand my innate qualities and give me a cognizance of my strength and weakness (J. R, 2013). The Situational Leadership Questionnaire is another fundamental diagnostic tool that is helpful. It is highly indispensable for me, as its gives an overarching view of my capacities as a top official or manager in the corporate setting. Like other tools, it addresses the important features of the managers (Chernis Boyatzis, 2013). However, it anticipates that I have the mediator qualities in me. I can be a pacifier and a benevolent employer. I have some inherent generous attributes that I can use in this respect. Such attributes will tilt my approach towards employees. This quality brings out a positive thing in me. I can think about my employees welfare and their safety concerns. Therefore, this diagnostic tool gives me a comprehensive overview of my managerial abilities and functions (Gregoire Arendt, 2014). At the same time, it also develops the quality of faresightedness or visionary. It makes me understand that my workculture approach needs an overhaul. Therefore, the Situatio nal Leadership Questionnaire is the best of all (Smith et al., 2016). Using these diagnostic tools, I am going to reflect light on my experiences in a corporate setting. Earlier, I used to work with a corporate organization that deals in electronic gadgets. In that organization, I used to work as a senior official and represented the Research and Development wing. The organization was an US multinational entity and involves in the manufacture of electronic gadgets. The Research and Development wing of that organization involves the use of many activities and skills. The scientists and the engineers devote their energies to the making of some phenomenal products. These people of the Research and Development wing contribute to the society and culture. A very important role was devolved on my shoulder. In that company, I manifested the managerial section of the development chain. My responsibility was to guide the research assistants and intern scientists. Being a senior official of the organization, I had to execute many functions and supervise the research work of the assistants. However, the main challenge that I countenanced was tackling the work huddle every day. I had to make a blueprint of the future research development (Sanchez Nunez, 2015). At the same time, I inspected the flow of the work that was engineered by the researchers. At the managerial level, one has to deliver many crucial responsibilities. The task of supervision, execution of orders and maintenance of the work culture discipline are the significant features of any top official. These are some of the challenging facets of the organization. In the process, I had to monitor the function and the workflow of variegated employees. Sometime, it was difficult for me to handle the work pressure at the top level. Another important role was to listen to research inquiries and problems. At the same time, one of my prime responsibilities was to mediate between the employees and listen to their grievances. The research organization, as we know, needs disciplined and sincere employees. The researchers have to contribute to the development of the society and culture. My responsibility was to look into the matter in detail and inspect whether they are delivering quality research. In the process, I understood the graveness of the situation. I comprehended that I could not guide the research team in an effective way. At the same time, I could not strike a proper balance between the research leads and the production. My duty was to monitor the research deliverables and determine the power dynamic. In the organization, I was hailed as the supreme head of the Research and Development team. I was greatly responsible towards my research team and the organization simultaneously. However, I failed in my endeavour as I could not tackle my team and administer them properly. In the hindsight, I have come to the realization that my leadership and presentation skills need a complete overhaul. Literature Review: The leadership skill is an important organizational skill that must be possessed by an employee, if he intends to accomplish huge success in future. As a leader, an employee has to assume the role of a team leader, project leader or even a business leader, and hence the employee will be required to exercise his influence over a group of subordinates. Now, in such a situation, if the employee does not possess the skills of power and influence, he is likely to fail as a leader. A leader is required to exercise his power over the employees, showing them the proper direction of work, explaining them the tasks assigned, and influencing them to work harder. While speaking of power and influence, it is not expected that the leader will take undue advantage of his own power, and will terminate the service of an employee. The term power and influence refers to the leadership skill of an employee, that helps him guide and convince his subordinates, encouraging them to work harder for the completion of a project. There are different kinds of power that a leader is expected to use, such as the legitimate power, the coercive power or the reward power. A leader should not only possess the skills of power and influence, but he must necessarily have a clear comprehension of when to use which power skill. For example, if he assigns a complex job to the employees, he must use his reward skill, whereby he can incentivize the employees for offering him sufficient motivation. On the other hand, if the subordinates are unable to accomplish a task effectively, one has to use the coercive power, whereby threatening and punishing the employee, can help th e leader gain sufficient control over the team. The personal influential skills of the leader are of paramount importance, as it enables him to persuade the subordinates to undertake an activity. Leader has the power to motivate its subordinates thereby deriving maximum output from the subordinates.The subordinates must be encourages to work for a task, so as to accomplish the same in an effective way. However, if the subordinates are not being properly guided, encouraged and motivated to pursue the task, it is likely that they will lose their enthusiasm, and may not work with adequate commitment, for the fulfillment of the task. The leader must know how to dictate and command, without being autocratic. The leader should use his power to keep control over his team, and yet he should ensure that his behavior does not affect the employees in a negative way. A leader should be powerful, and his power lies in communicating to his employees, the nature of a task, the strategies to be adopted as well as the benefits of the employees fro m the accomplishment of the task. The concepts of power and influence are quite inter-related. Power is also defined as the potential of a leader to influence his subordinates. Power can be used in a positive way so that it re-enforces positivity in the suboridinates and motivate the employees to achieve the goal. As far as the leadership skill analysis is concerned, I have observed that I am unable to monitor and supervise the activities of the employees. Proper subversion helps in easier accomplishment of goal.Although, I assign the tasks in an effective way, I fail to ensure that the employees are performing the tasks properly. Consequently, it is only at the end, am I able to evaluate the performance of the employees and the status of the task. I am not confident enough to communicate with my subordinates, for the purpose of keeping myself regularly updated with the status of the tasks. I have learnt that I am required to improve my inter-personal communication skills, as it will help me to explain the task to my subordinates, as well as follow up with their course of activities (Hawkins, 2015). As a leader, I can effectively perform the role of a pacifier and I can easily convince my employees to work on a task, and yet because of the composure I possess, I fail to exercise sufficient command over my subordinates. Even if my persuasive skills are unquestionable, I need to develop my commanding skills. I require upgrading some important professional soft skills, such as my intrapersonal communication skills, interpersonal communication skills, reflective and commanding skills that can help me achieve greater success in my future professional life. Besides, by analyzing my professional skills with the help of the diagnostic tools, I also found out that I lack in my administrative skills as well. Any leader should learn the ways of leveraging his power. I should learn to command my subordinates to complete the tasks within the strict deadline, failing which I must employ the use of the coercive power (Schoemaker, Krupp, Howland, 2013). While I am always keen on ensuring that the leadership power is not typically misused by me, I should also ensure that I am capable of exercising authority over my subordinates. I need to develop and leverage power at different levels. For instance, I need to develop my power of charisma, so that my personality or merely my presence can help in influencing the subordinates working under my guidance. Although the diagnostic tools have clearly shown that I can successfully perform the role of a guide in an effective way, I need to develop my skills of exercising my authority over the subordinates. Conclusion: It has been understood from the above discussion that although I possess certain important leadership qualities, I still will be requiring the need of enhancing a few other skills. In order to be an effective leader in future, it is important to chalk out a action plan that can help me comprehend how I can successfully work on my weak areas of leadership skills and knowledge. First of all, the importance of communication is unquestionable in case of a leader, and yet I have discovered my incapability of communicating to my subordinates at regular intervals. However, I fail to influence and persuade my employees to accomplish the tasks, because of the lack of communication skills. Hence, accordingly I will participate in different seminars and workshops that help in developing and improving the communication style of the leader. Besides, I will also participate in various training programs, to upgrade my communication skills. Since I also need to develop my administrative leadership skill, I will also seek the assistance of different professional learning courses. By enrolling myself in the leadership skills developing programs, I will be able to create a vision, communicate the same to the respective subordinates, and accordingly influence them to accomplish the goals. I will definitely avail the professional guidance and assistance of different skill developing institutions, such as Association for Talent Development provide adequate resources that can help one imbibe the important leadership skills. Besides, I think that I should also consider seeking the assistance of different books, articles and journals that can also enlighten me about the ways I can develop my administrative skills. Besides, I will also avail the help of different workshops and conferences for this reason. Above all, I will myself also monitor my leadership skills, by taking feedback and response from my subordinates at regular intervals, about the nature of leadership skill I possess, and what are the areas which I need to work on. Reference List: Schoemaker, P. J., Krupp, S., Howland, S. (2013). Strategic leadership: The essential skills.Harvard business review,91(1), 131-134. Hawkins, J. E. (2015, November). Promoting Interprofessional Collaboration, Global Health Awareness and Leadership Skills through International Service-Learning. In43rd Biennial Convention (07 November-11 November 2015). STTI. Cherniss, C., Boyatzis, R. E. (2013). Using a multi-level theory of performance based on emotional intelligence to conceptualize and develop softleader skills.Leader Interpersonal and Influence skills: The Soft Skills of Leadership, 53-72. Daft, R., Marcic, D. (2016).Understanding management. Nelson Education. Gregoire, M. B., Arendt, S. W. (2014). Leadership: Reflections over the past 100 years.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,114(5), S10-S19. Montalescot, G., Sechtem, U., Achenbach, S., Andreotti, F., Arden, C., Budaj, A., ... Ferreira, J. R. (2013). 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease.European heart journal,34(38), 2949-3003. Snchez-Nez, M. T., Patti, J., Holzer, A. (2015). Effectiveness of a Leadership Development Program that Incorporates Social and Emotional Intelligence for Aspiring School Leaders.Journal of Educational Issues,1(1), 65-84. Smith, A. B., Jacoby, J. L., Pellosie, C., Carolyn Lamparella, L. P. C. (2016). A Study of Emotional Intelligence, Empathy and Burnout in Graduate and Post Graduate Medical Training at LVHN.